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Archéologies Numériques
Artefacts : nature, structure et usages Artefacts: nature, structure and usagesRÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente Artefacts, l'encyclopédie collaborative en ligne des objets archéologiques, qui tente de recenser l'ensemble des formes d'objets attestées entre la fin de la Préhistoire et la période proto-industrielle, en Europe et sur le pourtour méditerranéen. On aborde successivement les principes du projet, l'historique de son développement ainsi que l'architecture générale du site web. Sont évoqués ensuite les publics ciblés et leurs usages respectifs de ce projet collaboratif, en particulier les fonctionnalités spécifiquement destinées aux chercheurs. ABSTRACT. This article describes " Artefacts, online collaborative encyclopedia of archaeological small finds " , which tries to list all the forms of objects attested between the end of the Prehistory and the pre-industrial period in Europe and around the Mediterranean. It successively discusses the principles of the project, the history of its development as well as the general architecture of the website. The target audience and its respective practices of this collaborative project, in particular, are then evoked as well as the features specifically intended for researchers. MOTS-CLÉS. humanités numériques, base de données, encyclopédie, objets archéologiques, typologie, recherche. On trouvera dans cet article les éléments fondamentaux sur la nature, l'organisation structurelle et l'utilisation du site internet Artefacts.mom.fr. Principe Artefacts (figure 1) est essentiellement une base de données consacrée aux objets mobiliers archéologiques, à l'exclusion de la vaisselle en céramique et des monnaies. Il s'agit à la fois d'un outil documentaire et d'un outil de recherche, proposant à chaque utilisateur des fonctionnalités variables et croissantes en fonction de son investissement personnel dans le projet. Le champ couvert est très vaste puisqu'il va de la fin de la préhistoire à l'époque contemporaine, comprenant l'âge du Bronze, les âges
Computers do allow us to handle more data and to process them quicker. This leads us to a different approach in research. When we deal with larger data and when we can access fast treatment, our questions are different, and so is the way to organize our logic. In this way, computer processing and the use of large databases, for example in archaeology, not only allow us to to things more quickly or in a shorter time. This brings research to a new paradigm of which benefits, if well understood, should sooner or later allow us make a new type of research.
1988 •
Ce document résulte du travail de recherche conduit en 2006 et 2007 au titre de mon Master1 sur le mobilier ferreux trouvé à Jouars-Pontchartrain (Yvelines) lors des fouilles préventives de la déviation de la RN12 entre 1994 et 1998. Le site gallo-romain mis au jour est celui d’un vicus de la cité des Carnutes, Diodurum, estimé à 40 hectares. La typologie permet de répartir les objets en fer entre l’agriculture (houes, bêches), l’artisanat (couteaux, gouges, scies, planes) et surtout le quotidien (serrures, clefs, charnières et poignées de meubles, parures, stylets). Sont présentes également des hipposandales. Certains quartiers sont plus urbains que ruraux. From 1994 up to 1998, a gallo-roman vicus, Diodurum, was brought in light at 40 km west of Paris. The topic of my work was to study and classify the iron objects of the excavation. The resulting typology had allowed to distinguish three main classes : agriculture (hoes, spades), craft industry (knifes, saws, planes, dies) and residence areas (keys, locks, hinges, handles, ornaments, stylets). There are both urban and rural parts.
Gallia, 50, 1993, p.1-93.
Bilan des recherches archéologiques sur la ville portuaire de Lattara (Lattes, Hérault)On many occasions, Lattes (Hérault), the antique city of Lattara, has been named by the ancient texts but we must wait until the sixties to confine the site and be the subject of an archeological searching. Since 1983, the excavations have been planned in this area which have cleared up our knowledge of the antique city, its economy and environment. If the site has been taken up since the middle Neolithic, the old city was really set up at the end of the 6th century B.C. in the delta of the Lez, next to a pond linked to the sea. From the very beginning, as attested the numerous Greek but also Etruscan discovered documents, it was surrounded by city walls, took up a wide place and was fully opened to the Mediterranean sea. In the 4th-3th centuries B.C., the city had experienced a first stage of expansion. At that time, its urban network, which was strongly organized into a hierarchy, extended over twenty kilometers. From now on, it had favoured trading relationships with Marseille. The characteristic of the 2nd and 1st centuries was the second stage of development. A settlement of new areas, maybe linked to the port installations, was admitted for the 1st century A.C. From 200 A. C., Lattara, which was dependent on Nimes, the secondary city competed with the ports of Narbonne and Arles, and was away from the Via Domitia, had been more and more left. This article, which is a summary of the history of this main southern Protohistoric site, is above all a today assessment about the knowledges of the town planning, the housing conditions and the way of domestic life (housing plans, building techniques ...) and also of the trading, hand-craft and foodproducing economy resulted from the current programs of interdisciplinary investigations.
Lattara 4, Lattes, 1991, 224 p.
Lattara 4 : Système d’enregistrement, de gestion et d’exploitation de la documentation issue des fouilles de Lattes.Cette étude concerne les objets en bronze protohistorique d’un collectionneur : le Dr Gleize. Il s’agit d’abord d’un travail d’inventaire complété par un catalogue, dans le cadre d’une étude typo - chronologique. Le but était de pourvoir déterminer la provenance de ce matériel. La présence d’étiquettes descriptives et signées a permis d’orienter mes recherches vers les Alpes de- Haute-Provence. À partir des sources textuelles, administratives et photographiques de la fin du XIXème siècle et du début du XXème siècle, j’ai mis évidence la présence de deux collections. La première est celle de l’ancien propriétaire des objets, M. Silve, pour lequel nous n’avons aucun renseignement. La deuxième est l’ancienne collection Ollivier, documentée par ce dernier. Les bronzes appartenant à Antoine Ollivier sont issus de sépultures de l’âge du Fer découvertes en Ubaye et ont été dispersés en 1943. Très peu connus, j’ai effectué une analyse des contextes archéologiques dans lesquels ils ont été découverts. Ainsi quatre contextes clos ont été étudiés. Le mobilier à notre disposition a alors permis d’en affiner la datation et d’effectuer des reconstitutions graphiques. Six sont encore incertains mais la redécouverte de ces objets ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de recherches.
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