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2004, XIV Congress UISPP Liè; ge 2001; Époque …
Verwandte in der Fremde - Relations Abroad: Brooches and other elements of dress as sources for reconstructing interregional movement and group boundaries from the Punic wars to the decline of the Western Roman Empire (eds. G. Grabherr, B. Kainrath, T. Schierl), Innsbruck 2013, p. 49-76.
Finds of fibulae from 1st cent. BC in Croatia: Trade and exchange between Eastern Alps, the Danube and the northern Adriatic area before and during Roman conquestWaffen – Gewalt – Krieg, Beiträge zur Internationalen Tagung der AG Eisenzeit und des Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego – Rzeszów 19.-22. September 2012
Continuity of the Late La Tène warrior elite in the Early Roman Period in south-eastern PannoniaDuring the Roman conquest and the ensuing stabilization in the late 1st c. BC and 1st c. AD the most prominent position in the society of the Scordisci, Taurisci and those of autochthonous Pannonian communities was held by local warrior elites. Their roots can be recognised in important social and economic transformations that occurred in the first half and the middle of the 2nd c. BC. The burials of the warrior elite of the LT D1 phase (second half of the 2nd and early 1st c. BC) are recognised by the presence of offensive and defensive weaponry, costume accessories and rich offerings consisting of ceramic and bronze vessels. Items of horse gear and spurs were also found in warrior graves, occasionally also wagon parts, which portrayed them as warrior-horsemen. The finds in the graves of prominent warriors are a proof of the connection of a social system with the circulation of goods; in other words, the possession of prestigious goods was a fulfilment of social needs, that is, the display of one’s status and position within the community. The finds suggests the possibility of an exchange of military equipment or even a certain mobility of groups of warriors. The importance of the warrior elite is further suggested by objects sacrificed to the war gods, and this group could be represented by objects found in so-called fluvial contexts and the recently discovered Scordiscan sanctuary in Osijek. In the final conquest of the south Pannonian region during the Pannonian War (12–11 BC) and in Bato’s uprising (6–8 AD), Tiberius used the warrior elite of the Scordisci as allies. After the establishment of Roman power the burials of the warrior elite were continued regardless of the appearance of a new political-administrative government because members of the local aristocracy were entrusted with the defence of the limes. They continued to be buried, in accordance with their ancient customs, together with their personal weapons, now of Roman origin, and also continued to offer provisions to the deceased that included numerous imported goods together with certain pottery forms of local origin thus testifying to their keeping of their previously acquired status. Thus, Romanisation was implemented by the ruling social class, the warrior elite being able to preserve some of their previously attained positions and to remain in its original area.
Les Celtes et le Nord de l'Italie (Premier et Second Ages du Fer). Actes du XXXVIe colloque international de l'A.F.E.A.F. (Verone, 17-20 mai 2012). R.A.E. Suppl. 36, 2014
Nuovi ritrovamenti di vasellame bronzeo tardorepubblicano a Blato in Slavonia (Croazia): contatti tra Scordisci e l'Italia durante il tardo La Tenein: Wefers et al. (eds.), Waffen, Gewalt, Krieg, Beiträge zur Internationalen Tagung der AG Eisenzeit und des Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego - Rzeszów 19. - 22. September 2012, Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 79, Langenweissbach 2015, 209-227.
La Tène spearheads from south-eastern Pannonia and the northern Balkans: typology, chronology, ritual, and social contextCeltic warriors used swords and spears as assault weapons, but their full equipment included shields, belts, and sometimes even helmets. From the 5th to the 1st centuries BC, warrior equipment evolved so that by the LT C1 phase, early La Tène spearheads had gradually lengthened and narrowed. By the late La Tène, some of these objects measured over 60–80 cm long. The same changes are also documented in the material culture of the Scordisci, a political and ethnic community occupying the territory of south-eastern Pannonia and the northern Balkans. Spearhead typology for this region is based on four elements: blade shape and crosssection, socket shape and length, and their mutual relationships. Four distinctive types have been defined with an additional division into sixteen subtypes. Like other weaponry, spears were put inside the graves of the warrior elite and their destruction, as well as placing them in specific positions in the graves, points to the special significance of these items in funerary rituals.
in: Maciej Karwowski, Peter C. Ramsl (eds.), Boii – Taurisci, Proceedings of the International Seminar, Oberleis-Klement, June 14th−15th, 2012, Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Band 85, 49-54.
Contacts between the Boii and the Scordisci: The Case of the Oberleiserberg Type FibulaeA small group of Late La Tène cast fibulae originates from the area of southeastern Pannonia. With the exception of the find from the site of Blato, near Vinkovci, which belongs to the Oberleiserberg type, the fibulae from Dalj, Novi Jankovci and Novi Banovci can be described as copies of the same type produced in local workshops. In addition to a reinterpretation of the form, in the case of southeastern Pannonian specimens we can also witness a transfer of technology, since two part cast fibulae consist of a specific combination of two alloys, tin-bronze and leaded bronze. The communication between Lower Austria, settled during the Late La Tène period by communities known as the Boii, and southeastern Pannonia is additionally corroborated by several finds from the Oberleiserberg settlement, such as fibulae of the Vinkovci type or coins of the Syrmian type, which represent characteristic objects of the Scordiscan material culture.
Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju 30, 2013, 45–68.
Fibulae of the Jezerine-type from southeastern Pannonia / Fibule tipa Jezerine s prostora jugoistočne PanonijeThe Jezerine-type fibulae are one of the most popular forms of attire from the Late La Tène period, that is, the LT D2 phase. They have been recorded in a wider European area, from the western part of the Mediterranean basin throughout all of continental Europe to the Baltic, and a large number of them originated in eastern Slavonia, Syrmia and northern Serbia, an area that, in the Late Iron Age, was inhabited by a political group known from ancient literary sources as the Scordisci. Many of these finds can be attributed to the Jezerine-type II fibulae, which spread to southeastern Pannonia via a communication route that went through the Sava valley. A smaller group of finds includes copies of the Jezerine-type fibulae which were tailored according to the tastes of the local users. The results of the PIXE analysis of the composition of the alloy from which cast fibulae were made show quite a heterogeneous picture, indicating that the finds from southeastern Pannonia were produced in different workshops located in areas spreading from northern Italy and the southeastern Alpine region, over the western Balkans to southern Pannonia.
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