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1996, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 26 (3), 307-309
The first Roman cataract needle holder to be identified from a site beyond the borders of the Roman Empire. The object is described and its possible uses are discussed. Der erste römische Starndelgriff, der ausserhalb der Reichsgrenze gefunden wurde. Der Fund wird beschrieben und seine verschiedenen Nutzungen erörtert.
Survey of ophthalmology
Roman ophthalmology. A glimpse of our distant pastOphthalmic artifacts from a house destroyed in 275 A.D. and recently excavated in Schwarzenacker, W. Germany, are described and illustrated. The reconstructed house of ophthalmologist, Sextus Ajacius Launus, and its contents provides a fascinating glimpse of ophthalmology as practiced nearly 17 centuries ago in the Roman Empire.
In 2014 a part-time employee of the Hulín branch of Institute of Archaeological Heritage Brno submitted two metal objects found in the previous year in a ploughed field at the border of two adjacent cadastral districts – Pravčice and Hulín, respectively, in the Kroměříž county. No analogies to the needle/knife handle with definite dating have been found. However, the Roman Province military attire fibula with the semicircular plate suggests possible links to Roman military environment. In Moravia, the discovery of the Hercules’ club handle is the first find of this kind, whereas the fibula (type Jobst 13D) is among more frequent finds thanks to, among other things, surface survey at Germanic settlements.
Our study focuses on four ancient medical instruments, two of iron, from the Noviodunum-Tulcea archaeological site and two of bronze, one was from Ibida-Tulcea and the other from Tomis-Constanta. Being analyzed by SEM/EDX and μ-FTIR, we found a series of archaeometric characteristics of the corrosion crusts and of the metallic core. The recorded data were correlated with those resulted from previous systematic researches made in Dobrogea (the Moesia Inferior Roman province), which revealed the habits and crafts of the population inhabiting that region during the 2-4th centuries AD.
HISTÓRIA DA CIÊNCIA NO ENSINO: Revisitando Abordagens, Inovando Saberes
Reading Graeco-Roman Medicine in the Light of its Medical-Surgical Instruments2021 •
Abstract: Viewing the history of science through its objects provides a practical and direct comprehension of its technical-scientific level and social-historical context. This approach is particularly useful in the study of Greek-Roman surgery and tools, highlighting its unrivalled advances over previous proto-medicines. A survey of the instruments asserts the complementarity of medicine and surgery as well as their devising and preparation of medicines by physicians. The tools, the sources for their study and their context illustrate textbooks, provide data on similar medical thought and practice in the whole Roman Empire and on physician’s social status. They testify the existence of funerary medical honours such as heroization, following the example of Asclepius, the patron of Greek-Roman medicine. The discovery of surgical instruments in female tombs also discloses the existence of female medical practitioners. The study of Greek-Roman surgical tools provides an accurate and global view on founding procedures that established Western surgery.
Insights into Portuguese Medical History: From the Birth of the Art of Asclepius
ROMAN MEDICAL-SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM D. DIOGO DE SOUSA, BRAGA2022 •
Emperor Augustus (reigned 27 BC-14 AD) founded Bracara Augusta in 16 or 15 BC. The name derives from local indigenous peoples, the Bracaros, and Emperor Augustus. The Roman town, considered to rival other outstanding Roman capitals like Hispalis (currently Seville), is still awaiting thorough excavation. This essay selects a votive inscription dedicated to Asclepius and Hygeia to introduce the medical collection. The instruments, dated to between the 1st-4th century AD, were discovered at different archaeological sites in Braga and are housed in the Archaeological Museum D. Diogo de Sousa. Most tools rank among the common typologies of medical-surgical instruments from the Graeco-Roman world, some being rare or unique to the Portuguese territory such as a small scalpel handle and a pair of iron bow-scissors, bringing new insights into operations performed during Roman times. Most surgical tools were excavated at the Top of Cividade Hill which comprised buildings associated with baths and a theatre. Most tools were recovered from the deposits of later settlements, presumably being derived from the bath facilities. This discovery makes this collection particularly interesting. Only a few surgical instruments have previously been discovered in baths, where surgical operations seemed to have taken place. No associated surgeon’s tomb or physician’s name has been identified so far. None of the instruments came from a specific medical-surgical context. Grave goods from Via XVII’s necropolis include grooming tools, mainly balsamaria, an aryballos and a strigil. This instrument is also a medical device, whose function and symbolism in funerary contexts is reviewed. Keywords: Bracara Augusta; Ancient surgical instruments; Roman baths; strigil; funerary practices
Insights into Portuguese Medical History: From the Birth of the Art of Asclepius
GRAECO-ROMAN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL- SURGICAL TOOLS FROM THE BÜHLER-BROCKAUS COLLECTION2022 •
Private collections add valuable contributions to the assets of Portuguese Museums. Such is the case with the Bühler-Brockhaus Collection recently donated to the Archaeological Museum D. Diogo de Sousa in Braga. More than two hundred Mediterranean archaeological pieces collected by Marion Bühler-Brockhaus and Hans-Peter Bühler are mainly from Graeco-Roman times and include valuable pieces from the Near East and Etruscan civilizations. In this essay, we present the assemblage of pharmacy and medical-surgical tools, which includes rare and valuable pieces like a pharmaceutical sieve-spoon, a piercing eyed needle and a triple portable probe case, which was the subject of a palaeoradiology study. Key words: History of collecting; Archaeology; Roman medical-surgical instruments; Palaeoradiology
11th Congress of the International Association for the History of Nephrology, Larissa, Greece September 12 - 15, 2019.Abstract book
“NEPHRO-UROLOGY IN GREEK-ROMAN MEDICINE. AN UNPARALLELED INSTRUMENT FROM THE LISBON NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY”2019 •
Galen of Pergamon (130-210 A.D.) correctly summed up the knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract from the Hippocratic physicians (fifth-fourth century B.C.) until his time, reviewing the clinical symptoms and nephrology and urology conditions and treatment. Caius Cornelius Celsus (25 B.C.-50 A.D.), in his work “On Medicine”, described a large number of surgical operations performed in Western medicine for the first time. Surgical management of urinary obstruction and bladder stone lithotomy is amongst them, featured as the last attempt when medical treatments failed. The existence of instruments specifically devised for the procedure, such as special knives, hooks and hollow S-shaped catheters, adapted to men´s urethra, is documented since Erasistratus (304-250 B.C.). Celsus advises an ear scoop to remove stones. A long thin solid tube of copper alloy, ending in a small scoop, was found in a rectangular salting basin (saltery 22) from the fish salting factory of Tróia, a Roman archaeological site in the Peninsula of Setúbal, near Lisbon. This paper presents the finding in its archaeological context and discusses its similarity with the published catheters of Roman time.
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Virtù, legge e fioritura umana. Saggi in onore di Angelo Campodonico, ac. di S. Langella, M. S. Vaccarezza, M. Croce, Mimesis 2022.
English translation of my Afterword (Festschrift)2022 •
2020 •
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