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2008, Séminaire de clôture, 11/12 Avril 2008, Fort de Bard (Vallée d'Aoste)
1993 •
This paper takes into account, for the regions of northern Italy (Aemilia excluded), bronze and lead figural objects of small and medium size, found presumably in places of worship of Roman imperial period, and some stone votive inscriptions perhaps in connection with metal figurines, now lost. The aim is to outline the presence or absence of bronzes in shrines (and in some public but not religious buildings) and deduce possible indications. The investigation is therefore limited to one aspect of the ritual and can not lead by itself to the knowledge of religions arising from the integration of all sources; also the collected data are certainly incomplete, because of the vastness of the considered area and the dispersion of the bibliography. Some remarkable complex of bronzes with accurate catalogues are particularly rich in information.
La trouvaille de plus de 600 monnaies gauloises sur le col du Grand-Saint-Bernard dans le cadre d'un sanctuaire...
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Nascita di una frontiera alpina. Il Colle del Piccolo San Bernardo (Valle d'Aosta/Tarentaise)2012 •
The Little St. Bernard Hill is a typical example of transit place, used for thousands of years and only become frontier in the Modern Time, as consequence of defensive necessities brought about by military conflict between the central European States. It arose from chance circumstances, but this new rolerapidly transformed it into frontier between national States. Through this pass, cult place as early as prehistoric times and provided with service and cult places in Roman epoch, a much more considerable commercial flow than the Great St. Bernard’s crossed until the 13th century included, and until the15th century it was an effective instrument of political control by Savoyards, as it was located fairly in the centre of their duchy. Its position really causedit to be late used as frontier from the beginning of the 17th century, in order to oppose French monarchy’s military initiatives. From that moment on, theterritory around the Hill, realised by military engineers as the best position to defence, was actually progressively transformed into a unitary defensivecomplex. As a result, within about a century, taking the best advantage on the favourable natural conformation of those places, several undertakingstransformed the area between the village of Petosan (La Thuile) and the Hillpass into Aosta Duchy’s most complex and jointed defensive system, whichis actually its central core, flanked towards NW and SE respectively by the minor installations of the Allèe Blanche Glacier and Valgrisanche’s head.Archaeological analysis has allowed the building process to be followed, that is a simple front line, with exclusive outpost functions, which evolved by a second line and some infrastructures (barracks, depots and service roadnetwork), that progressively improved its functionality. As regards thesecond line, La Thuile Valley became a real citadel with imposing risen fortifications (between 1500 and 2700 meters a.s.l.), which featured the ridgesfor several hundred meters and overlooked wide entrenched plain fields, with triangular and pentagonal earthen ramparts, that also served to protect barracks and depots. The working of such complex defence system was ordered by means of specific rules, that stated any operation in case of attack,in order to block the access to the Aosta Valley. In this case, sapping activities were also expected, like bridge and communication trench demolitionas well as mining at the head of the glaciers. However, the archaeological method, apart from the great constructions relevant to the organization of defence, has also allowed to check field structures (shelters, bivouacs, entrenchments), arranged by small groups of moving soldiers, while penetratingthrough Aosta Valley’s territory. The scenery, that can be outlined, is a militarily occupied land to such an invasive extent that, although regarding aspan of three centuries only, the remains of defensive structures represent by far the most considerable and visible archaeological evidence of the whole history of that site.
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