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2005, La Arquología Clásica Peninsular Ante el Tercer Milenio. En el Centenario de A. García Y Bellido (1903-1972)
The excavations carried out in the years 1960-61 by A. garcía y Bellido at the higth imperial site of Herrera de Pisuerga (castra of the legio IIII Macedonica) were de first to recover metallic military artefacts, as well as other of Medieval age. They were fund together with civilian artefacts used by the legionnaires. Until the present, most of these objets, which are inventoried, and studies here, have remained unpublished.
The Roman invasion introduces new alloys and metallurgical practices in Iberian Peninsula. The southwestern end of this region has many evidences of connections with the Roman World, but there are no studies about the manufacture and use of copper-based artefacts during this period. Therefore, a set of about 20 ornaments, tools and small attachments recovered at the Roman sites of Monte Molia˜o and Cidade das Rosas was studied by an analytical approach combining micro-EDXRF, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS and Vickers microhardness testing. The artefact composition shows a good correlation with function, namely pure copper for nails and rivets, lowtin bronze (2–6 wt% Sn) for basic tools, high-tin bronze (14 wt% Sn) for fibulae and high-lead bronze (19 wt% Pb) for a decorated jug handle. The manufacture also depends on function because most artefacts were subjected to thermomechanical processing, except the ornaments that would not benefit from post-casting work. Brass and gunmetal were only present in the site with a later chronology. A metallurgy visibly ruled by economical, aesthetical and technological concerns reinforces the evidences about the total integration of Southwestern Iberian Peninsula in the Roman World, but further studies will be essential to determine the evolution of copper-based alloys in Lusitania under Roman influence.
One of the most important, or even maybe the most important, assemblages of bronze finds came to light in the territory of Aquincum-Viziváros in 2001. The importance of this assemblage is due to two facts. The first is that this site is the oldest part of the Roman settlement, that is it can be regarded as the " ancestral " part of the later prosperous town, Aquincum. The other fact is that these finds are imported objects which were excavated from an intact layer and their documentation met up-to-date requirements. Their metallographic study makes possible to compare them with other objects originated from the same workshops. Also we hope that later, by comparing them with other bronze objects the identification of workshops, too, could be possible. Conditions of finding and the assemblage of bronze objects The earliest Roman camp of mounted troops (castrum) in the territory of Budapest-Aquincum was established in the middle of the 1 st century A.D. to the south of the amphitheatre of the military town at a distance of about three kilometres (Fig. 1). The remains of the civil settlement (vicus) around the castrum had come to light at several places during the excavations of the last 15 years (Fig. 2). In the early period the houses of the settlement had a timber and adobe structure. The clay floors of rooms were observed at several places. Though unfortunately we had no opportunity to excavate a single building in its full extension, several remarkable parts of buildings came to light. One of them, a buliding part burned down has a special importance. There below the daub debris of the dividing walls fallen on the yellow clay floor, valuable bronze objects came to light (Figs. 2-4). They are: a strigilis with niello decoration and with the workshop stamp VRBANVS, a cart mount(?), representing a griffin, a strainer with a handle lost, a hook belonging to the breast part of a chain-mail (Fig. 5). They were found together with three coins from the 1 st century B.C. [2] Description and dating of the objects. Analogous finds 1. Strigilis (Figs. 6—8.) Dimensions: l: 20,5 cm, length of the handle: 11 cm, w: 1,1-1,2 cm, thickness: 0,5 cm Description: A bronze strigilis with traces of acanthus decoration on its frontal part. It was made with niello technique, though the inlay had already fallen out of it. The upper part is decorated with a longitudinal channel. There is a 1,2 cm long, 0,2-0,4 cm wide lentil-shaped hole on the handle, with a rivet inside in the lower part of it. The hole served to lead a leather strap through it by which one could suspend the object. The strigilis was welded on by two parts. At the annex in the inner side there is a master stamp VRBAN(VS). The form of the handle is identical with SIVEC 2000 131, Fig. 1.6. The scraping part and the decoration of he handle, as well as the master are identical with RIHA 1986 121 Tafel 6. 59-60. Variante A. [3] HOME
SEM Congress 2012, The British Museum
Preliminary archaeometric study of the metallic grave goods from a rich late Roman burial at Torrejón de Velasco (Madrid, Spain)2012 •
The site of Camino de Seseña (Torrejón de Velasco, 26 km south of Madrid) was excavated between September 2006 and February 2008. An Imperial Roman villa was documented as well as other structures, among which stands out an isolated Late Roman tomb ( fourth-fifth century AD), which is unique in the Iberian Peninsula in terms of its characteristics and funerary remains. The tomb consists of a rectangular pit (2.4 × 0.8 m, 1.5 m deep) without human remains. It contained a rich set of grave goods that included weapons, ritual and sumptuous objects of different materials (pottery, glass, bone and metal). This paper presents the preliminary study of the non-ferrous metallic materials using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) carried out at the Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica y Microanálisis (Microlab) at the Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CCHS-CSIC) in Madrid. This study is part of an ongoing wider research project.
The Production of Ferrum Noricum at the Hüttenberger Erzberg: The results of interdisciplinary research at Semlach/Esiner between 2006 and 2009, Austria Antiqua 6, Wien.
A Roman mining tool: the investigation and identification of an iron object2017 •
Brukenthal Acta Musei VIII
THE RE-EVALUATION OF SOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL ITEMS DISCOVERED IN CÂLNIC (ALBA COUNTY)This paper covers the archaeological research carried out in the settlement of Gasteiz (Vitoria-Gasteiz) and the abandoned Alavese village of Bagoeta (Arrazua-Ubarrundia), since these two places are essential in understanding the significance of early medieval ironworking in inhabited areas on the Plains of Álava. Both these archaeological sites have a long history that can be divided into two extensive periods reflecting the development of metallurgical activity and habitat in this area of Álava. The first period, between 600 and 950 A.D., is notable for two rural settlements in which the same iron industry developed that was able to cover the entire chain of work; i.e. from ore reduction to the final forging of the ferramenta (iron tools and artefacts). The second, from 950 to 1100 A.D., reveals significant differences between the two sites. Whereas Bagoeta basically maintained its organisational arrangement in terms of its production and use of space seen in the first phase, Gasteiz rapidly evolved towards a fully urban model, firstly by introducing an urban layout organized around real streets and later by building walls to surround the city. These changes brought about a significant shift in the strategy of iron production by abandoning the reduction activities and retaining only those related to the forge.
2023 •
A l’occasion de ce workshop couplant présentations et expérimentations, nous souhaitons porter au cœur de nos réflexions, en plus du métal, l’usage des matériaux et outils qui permettent l’extraction, l’élaboration et le recyclage des matières métalliques autant que des déchets. Cette approche se double d’une réflexion sur l’interdisciplinarité de notre pratique de l’expérimentation archéologique qui associe archéologues, archéomètres et historiens autour de l’objet et du texte. Cette approche par les matières métalliques autant que par les matières minérales et organiques se veut diachronique et ouverte à différentes aires culturelles. Cette ouverture qui caractérise les travaux expérimentaux conduits sur la plateforme permet des inter comparaisons fructueuses dans une visée transdisciplinaire cultivée de longue date au sein de l’IRAMAT. Le WS se tiendra en hybride. Il est ouvert à tous. Les personnes inscrites pour assister en distanciel recevront un lien peu avant le workshop.
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Antaeus. Communicationes ex Instituto Archaeologico 37 225 248
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