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Argues that textile manufacture is closely linked to agricultural production, as an aspect of the villa economy (the villa farmer adds value to his product (eg wool from his sheep) by converting it into woven goods) and of the economy of dependent villages (vici).
World Archaeology
Weaving rural economies: textile production and societal complexity in Iron Age south-western Iberia2019 •
Studying textile production in the middle Guadiana basin between the seventh and fifth centuries BC, this article reveals the significance of textiles for the development and change of economic complexity in rural societies in Iron Age south-western Iberia. Textiles were at the very heart of the economic transformation of the area in this period. The functional properties of textile tools and their implications for manufacturing different types of threads and woven textiles show that in the seventh and sixth centuries BC the production of textiles was household-based and mostly for self-consumption. From the late sixth century and especially in the fifth century BC, however, the increasing specialisation of textile production and the appearance of workshops heralded new economic relations. By examining textile production and artisans’ skills and knowledge, this study reconsiders our understanding of craft production, societal change, and economic complexity among the rural societies of Iron Age Iberia.
On late medieval times, some Castilian towns bloomed as textile manufacturing centres. Cuenca, Segovia, Palencia and Toledo were among the most significant. A large community of highly skilled artisans and merchants produced and distributed fabrics within the region and beyond. For example, Segovia's fine woollen cloths reached markets in Europe and Africa. However, we must not forget that these industrial towns were dependent on their hinterlands for their supplies in raw materials and certain manufactured products which were essential to the production process of urban industries. An interplay between town and countryside resulted in a division of labour whereby preliminary processes of textile manufacturing and the bulk of spinning were allocated in rural settings, while urban workshops proceeded to weaving, dying, shearing and finishings. This did not prevent minor towns and villages from manufacturing finished cloths, which went in part to their own consumption but also to the market. For example, Brihuega and Pastrana, in the province of Guadalajara, supplied extra-regional markets, the former with woollen cloths and the latter with her famous silk cloths made by morisco artisans (Muslim Spaniards converted to Christianity) 2 .
2008 •
Older than both ceramics and metallurgy, textile production is a technology which reveals much about prehistoric social and economic development. This book examines the archaeological evidence for textile production in Italy from the transition between the Bronze Age and Early Iron Ages until the Roman expansion (1000-400 BCE), and sheds light on both the process of technological development and the emergence of large urban centres with specialised crafts. Margarita Gleba begins with an overview of the prehistoric Appennine peninsula, which featured cultures such as the Villanovans and the Etruscans, and was connected through colonisation and trade with the other parts of the Mediterranean. She then focuses on the textiles themselves: their appearance in written and iconographic sources, the fibres and dyes employed, how they were produced and what they were used for: we learn, for instance, of the linen used in sails and rigging on Etruscan ships, and of the complex looms needed to produce twill. Featuring a comprehensive analysis of textiles remains and textile tools from the period, the book recovers information about funerary ritual, the sexual differentiation of labour (the spinners and weavers were usually women) and the important role the exchange of luxury textiles played in the emergence of an elite. Textile production played a part in ancient Italian society's change from an egalitarian to an aristocratic social structure, and in the emergence of complex urban communities.
Published as: Soens (T.), Stabel (P.) and Van de Walle (T.) (2015), 'An Urbanised Countryside? A regional perspective on Rural Textile Production in the Flemish West-Quarter (1400-1600)', in: R. Van Schaïk (ed.), Economies, Public Finances and the Impact of Institutional Changes in Interregional Perspective. The Low Countries and neighboring German territories (14th-17th centuries), Turnhout, Brepols, pp. 35-60 ISBN 978-2-503- 54785-5 (Studies in European Urban History, 36)
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In recent decades, research on the Bronze Age in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula has focused mainly on analysis of the processes of hierarchy and social development. The valued archaeological indicators have been very diverse: from the ceramic and metallurgical specialization, to the normalization of funeral practices or the settlement pattern. However, only in recent years the importance of textile production in these processes has begun to be considered. With the present work we intend to evaluate the importance of this basic and fundamental craft, assessing the set of labor processes involved, the degree of specialization achieved, and the social value granted to textile products in the Bronze Age culture of El Argar.
VIII PURPUREAE VESTES. International Symposium Tradition and Innovation in Textile Production in the Mediterranean World and Beyond
Looms and Burials. Analysis of two textile productive contexts from the pre-Roman settlement of Monte Sannace2022 •
VIII PURPUREAE VESTES. International Symposium Tradition and Innovation in Textile Production in the Mediterranean World and Beyond
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2023 •
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